He aha te tauwehenga motuhake o te waku o ngā papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū?

1. Ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi silicone
1.1 Te hanganga matū me te hanganga ngota
He rauemi ahurei te silicone, he hanganga matū, he hanganga ngota ngota anō hoki tōna. Ko tōna wāhanga matua ko te silicon dioxide (SiO₂), e noho ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te āhua o te polymer. Mai i te tirohanga matū, he mea hanga mai i ngā ngota silicon me ngā ngota hāora e honoa ana hei hanga i tētahi angaanga taketake. Ka honoa hoki ngā ngota silicon ki ngā rōpū waro, pērā i te methyl (-CH₃), e hoatu ana ki te silicone ngā āhuatanga mata rerekē me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū. Ko tōna hanganga ngota ngota he hanganga whatunga, he hanganga rārangi rānei. He nui ake te mātotoru hononga-whiti o te hanganga whatunga o te silicone, ā, he pai te kaha me te pumau o te miihini, engari he māmā ake te tukatuka me te hanga i te hanganga rārangi o te silicone. Nā tēnei hanganga matū ahurei me te hanganga ngota ngota ka rerekē te silicone i ētahi atu rauemi e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana pērā i te tauwehenga waku, e whakarato ana i te pūtake mō te ako i tōna tauwehenga waku i te āhua mākū.

2. Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tauwehenga waku
2.1 Te taratara o te mata
He pānga nui tō te taratara o te mata ki te tauwehenga waku ongā papa hope siliconei te āhua mākū. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau, ina piki ake te taratara o te mata mai i te 0.1 maikorona ki te 1 maikorona, ka heke te tauwehenga waku mā te 15%. Nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā mata taratara ki te hanga i ngā kiriata wai iti i te āhua mākū, ka whakaiti i te horahanga whakapā tuturu, ā, ka whakaiti i te waku. Hei tāpiri, ka pāngia hoki te pumau o te kiriata wai e ngā panonitanga o te hanganga moroiti o te mata. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā mata he hanganga moroiti-nano te pupuri pai ake i ngā kiriata wai i te āhua mākū, ka whakaiti ake i te tauwehenga waku. He tino kitea tēnei āhuatanga i roto i ētahi rauemi silicone kua tukuna ki te maimoatanga mata motuhake, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i tō rātou tauwehenga waku ki te 0.1, he iti iho i tērā o ngā rauemi silicone kāore i rongoatia.
2.2 Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Rauemi Whakapā
He pānga nui anō hoki ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi whakapā ki te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū. He rerekē te taunekeneke a ngā rauemi rerekē ki te silicone. Hei tauira, ko te polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) te tauira, ko tōna tauwehenga waku ki te silicone i te āhua mākū he 0.05 noa iho, nā te mea he pai te waikura o te mata PTFE, ā, he iti te kaha o te mata, ka taea te whakaiti i te piri i waenga i a ia me te silicone. Ina pā ki ngā rauemi whakarewa pēnei i te maitai kore waikura, ka teitei te tauwehenga waku, tata ki te 0.25. Nā te mea he nui ake te kaha o te mata o ngā mata whakarewa, ā, he kaha ake te piri ki te silicone. Hei tāpiri, ka pā anō hoki te pakeke o te rauemi whakapā ki te tauwehenga waku. Ka nui ake te pēhanga o ngā rauemi pakeke ki te mata silicone i te wā e pā ana, ka piki ake te horahanga pā, ā, ka piki ake te tauwehenga waku. Hei tauira, ina pā te silicone ki tētahi rauemi uku he nui ake te pakeke, ka tata ki te 20% teitei ake te tauwehenga waku i te wā e pā ana ki tētahi rakau he iti ake te pakeke.

3. Ngā huringa i raro i ngā āhuatanga mākū
3.1 Te tikanga o te mahi a te ngota wai
I raro i ngā āhuatanga mākū, he mahi nui tā ngā ngota wai i runga i te mata o te papa hope silicone, i waenganui hoki i a ia me te mea e pā ana. Ka hangaia e ngā ngota wai he kiriata wai i runga i te mata o te silicone, ā, ko te matotoru me te pumau o tēnei kiriata wai ka pā tika ki te tauwehenga waku. Ina mimitihia ngā ngota wai ki runga i te mata o te silicone, ka taunekeneke rātou ki ngā rōpū siloxane (-Si-O-) i runga i te mata o te silicone hei hanga hononga hauwai. Mā te hanganga o tēnei hononga hauwai ka pai ake te whakarite o ngā ngota wai i runga i te mata o te silicone, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te whakahinuhinu ki tētahi taumata. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ina he taurite te kukū o ngā ngota wai, ko te matotoru o te kiriata wai i hangaia he tata ki te 100 nanometer, ā, ka tino heke te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone. Hei tauira, i roto i te taiao he haumākū whanaunga tata ki te 70%, ina pā te papa hope silicone ki te kiri tangata, ka taea te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku ki te tata ki te 0.15 nā te kiriata wai i hangaia i waenganui i ngā ngota wai.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka rerekē anō hoki te hanganga moroiti o te mata silicone i te aroaro o ngā ngota wai. I te āhua maroke, ka pā tika ngā piko me ngā whāititanga moroiti i runga i te mata silicone ki te mea e pā ana, ka puta he kaha waku nui. I te āhua mākū, ka whakakīia e ngā ngota wai ēnei whāititanga moroiti, ka maeneene ake te mata e pā ana, ā, ka whakaitihia anō hoki te tauwehenga waku. Hei tauira, i muri i te ine whakamātautau, ko te taratara o te mata o te papa hope silicone i te āhua maroke he 0.5 maikorona, i te āhua mākū, nā te pānga o ngā ngota wai, ko tōna taratara o te mata he rite ki te 0.2 maikorona, ā, ka heke anō hoki te tauwehenga waku mā te 20%.
3.2 Te awe o te haumākū ki te tauwehenga waku
He pānga nui te makuku ki te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū, ā, he awhe makuku tino pai. Ina iti te makuku whanaunga, he angiangi, he koretake te kiriata wai i hangaia e ngā ngota wai i runga i te mata silicone, ā, kāore e taea te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku. Hei tauira, ina 30% te makuku whanaunga, ko te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone e pā ana ki te kiri tangata he tata ki te 0.3. I te pikinga o te makuku whanaunga, ka piki ake te nui o ngā ngota wai e piri ana ki te mata silicone, ka mātotoru haere te matotoru o te kiriata wai, ā, ka heke haere te tauwehenga waku. Ina tae te makuku whanaunga ki te 60% – 80%, ka tae te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone ki te uara iti rawa, tata ki te 0.1 – 0.15. I roto i tēnei awhe, ka taea e ngā ngota wai te hanga i tētahi kiriata wai pumau, e whakaiti ana i te horahanga pā me te piri i waenga i te mata silicone me te mea e pā ana.
Heoi, ina piki tonu te haumākū whanaunga, ā, neke atu i te 80%, ka piki anō te tauwehenga waku. Nā te mea ka nui rawa te haumākū ka mimiti te mata silicone i te nui rawa o ngā ngota wai, ā, ka hanga he kiriata wai matotoru rawa. Ka pahekeheke rawa te mata silicone ina tino matotoru te kiriata wai, ka piki ake te ātete paheke o te mea e pā ana ki te mata silicone. Hei tauira, ina 90% te haumākū whanaunga, ka piki ake te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone e pā ana ki te kiri tangata ki te 0.2 pea. Hei tāpiri, ka pupuhi pea te mata silicone i te nui rawa o te haumākū, ka huri i ngā āhuatanga o te mata me te hanganga moroiti, ka pā ki te tauwehenga waku.

4. Ngā āhuatanga motuhake o ngā papa hope silicone
4.1 Te hoahoa hua me te maimoatanga mata
He pānga motuhake tō te hoahoa me te maimoatanga mata o ngā papa hope silicone ki te tauwehenga waku i te āhua mākū. Mai i te tirohanga hoahoa hua, ka huri te āhua me te rahi o te papa hope i te rohe e pā ana ki te tinana tangata me te tohatoha pēhanga. Hei tauira, ka taea e te papa hope he hoahoa whaitake e uru ana ki te piko o te tinana tangata te tohatoha ōrite i te pēhanga me te whakaiti i te rohe pēhanga teitei ā-rohe, ā, ka whakaitihia te tauwehenga waku ki tētahi taumata. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku o te wāhanga pā o te papa hope silicone kua hoahoatia kia ergonomic mā te 10% ki te whakataurite ki te papa hope o te hoahoa noa.
Mō te maimoatanga mata, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā papa hope silicone hou he paninga motuhake, he maimoatanga kakano rānei. Ko ētahi papa hope silicone he mea pani ki ngā rauemi hydrophobic, ka taea te whakaiti i te mimiti o ngā ngota wai ki runga i te mata, ka huri i te hanganga me te pumau o te kiriata wai. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau ka taea te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i pania ki te paninga hydrophobic i te wā e pā ana ki te kiri tangata i te āhua mākū ki te 0.12 pea, he 25% te iti iho i te papa hope silicone kāore i rongoātia. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi papa hope he mea hanga ki ngā hanganga kakano-iti i runga i te mata. Ka taea e ēnei kakano-iti te penapena i tētahi nui o ngā ngota wai i te āhua mākū hei hanga i tētahi kiriata wai pumau ake, ka whakaiti ake i te tauwehenga waku. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone me te hanganga kakano-iti ki te 0.1 pea i roto i te taiao he 70% te haumākū whanaunga.
4.2 Ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga me ngā whakaritenga waku
He rerekē ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga o ngā papa hope silicone, ā, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō ō rātou tauwehenga waku i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga rerekē. I roto i te mara o te whakaora hauora, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā papa hope silicone hei tiaki i ngā tūroro e takoto roa ana i runga i te moenga hei whakaiti i te puta o ngā mate pēhanga. I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, ka āwhina te tauwehenga waku iti ki te whakaiti i te kino o te waku i waenga i te kiri o te tūroro me te papa hope. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ina whakahaeretia te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i waenga i te 0.1 me te 0.15, ka taea te whakaiti i te maha o ngā mate pēhanga mā te 30%. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e tēnei papa hope iti te whakaiti i te mamae o ngā tūroro i te wā e tahuri ana, e neke ana rānei, me te whakapai ake i te whakamarie o ngā tūroro.
I roto i te ao whakaora tinana hākinakina, ka whakamahia ngā papa hope silicone hei āwhina i ngā whakangungu whakaora tinana, pērā i te whakangungu noho. I tēnei horopaki, me whai tauwehenga waku ngawari hei whakarato i te tautoko me te pumau e tika ana, me te karo i te waku nui ki te kiri. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau, ina kei waenga i te 0.15 me te 0.2 te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tautoko me te pumau me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kino o te kiri. Hei tauira, ko te whakamahinga o ngā papa hope silicone me tēnei tauwehenga waku i roto i te whakangungu whakaora tinana kua tino whakapai ake i te pānga whakangungu me te whakamarie o ngā tūroro.
I ngā whakamahinga o ia rā i te kāinga, ka whakamahia ngā papa hope silicone hei whakapai ake i te whakamarie o te noho me te whakaiti i te ngenge i puta mai i te noho roa. I tēnei horopaki, me whai whakaaro whānui te whakatikatika i te tauwehenga waku ki te whakamarie me te haumaru o te tinana tangata. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea e ngā papa hope silicone me te tauwehenga waku o te 0.2 te whakarato i te whakamarie me te mahi ārai-paheke. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā papa hope silicone me tēnei tauwehenga waku i runga i ngā tūru tari ka taea te whakaiti i te ngenge o te hope i puta mai i te noho roa, me te ārai i ngā kaiwhakamahi kei paheke i runga i te tūru me te whakapai ake i te haumaru.

5. Ngā tikanga whakamātautau me te whakamātautau
5.1 Ngā paerewa whakamātautau me ngā taputapu
Hei ine tika i te tauwehenga waku o ngā papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū, me whiriwhiri ngā taputapu whakamātautau me ngā tikanga e tika ana kia rite ki ngā paerewa e tika ana.
Ngā paerewa whakamātautau: I tēnei wā, he maha ngā paerewa mō te whakamātautau i te tauwehenga waku rauemi o te ao, pērā i te ASTM D1894, e pā ana ki te ine i te tauwehenga waku pumau me te tauwehenga waku hihiri o te kiriata me te rau kirihou. Ahakoa he rerekē ngā rauemi o ngā papa hope silicone me ngā kiriata kirihou, he hiranga tohutoro ō rātou mātāpono me ngā tikanga whakamātautau. I roto i ngā whakamātautau tūturu, ka taea te whakarerekē me te arotau i ngā paerewa kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga motuhake me ngā horopaki whakamahinga o ngā papa hope silicone hei whakarite i te tika me te pono o ngā hua whakamātautau.
Ngā taputapu whakamātautau: Ko ngā taputapu whakamātautau tauwehenga waku e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te mita tauwehenga waku whakapae me te mita tauwehenga waku piko. Ka ine te mita tauwehenga waku whakapae i te tauwehenga waku mā te whakamahi i tētahi kawenga ki runga i te papa whakapae hei hanga i te reti whanaunga i waenga i te tauira me te rauemi pa. He māmā te whakahaere i tēnei taputapu, ā, ka taea te whakatauira pai ake i ngā āhuatanga waku i roto i ngā horopaki whakamahinga tūturu. Ka ine te mita tauwehenga waku piko i te tauwehenga waku mā te whakarerekē i te koki piko o te papa piko kia paheke te tauira i te papa piko i raro i te mahi a te kaha ā-papa. Ka taea e tēnei taputapu te ine i te tauwehenga waku i ngā koki piko rerekē, he mea āwhina ki te ako i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tauwehenga waku me te pēhanga pa. I te whakamātautau i te papa hope silicone, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i te taputapu e tika ana kia rite ki ngā hiahia tūturu me te whakarite kia tutuki te tika me te pumau o te taputapu i ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau.
5.2 Te kohikohi me te tātari raraunga
Ko te kohikohi me te tātari raraunga ngā hononga matua o te rangahau whakamātautau. Mā te kohikohi raraunga tika me ngā tikanga tātari pūtaiao ka taea te tautoko kaha i te rangahau.
Kohikohi raraunga: I te wā o te whakamātautau, me kohikohi he maha ngā raraunga hei whakaata katoa i te mahi waku o te papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū. Ko te nuinga o ngā tawhā pēnei i te waku, te pēhanga pa, te tere reti, te haumākū whanaunga, me ētahi atu. Ka ine tika te kaha waku e te pūoko i runga i te taputapu whakamātautau, ā, ka taea te ine i te pēhanga pa mā te whakanoho i tētahi pūoko pēhanga i waenganui i te papa hope silicone me te rauemi pa. Ka taea te whakarite i te tere reti mā te whakahaere i te taputapu reti o te taputapu whakamātautau me te aroturuki i te wā tūturu e te pūoko. Me aroturuki me te tuhi i te haumākū whanaunga i te wā tūturu mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūoko haumākū i roto i te taiao whakamātautau. Hei whakarite i te tika o ngā raraunga, me tukurua te whakamātautau i ngā wā maha, ā, me tuhi ngā raraunga o ia whakamātautau mō te tātari tatauranga i muri mai.
Tātari Raraunga: Me tātari pūtaiao ngā raraunga kua kohia kia whiwhi ai i te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū me ōna āhuatanga awe. Tuatahi, ka tatauhia te tauwehenga waku pumau me te tauwehenga waku hihiri i runga i ngā uara inehia o te kaha waku me te pēhanga whakapā. Ko te tauwehenga waku pumau ko te ōwehenga o te kaha waku iti rawa e hiahiatia ana kia tīmata te paheke o te mea i te āhua tūmau ki te pēhanga whakapā, ā, ko te tauwehenga waku hihiri ko te ōwehenga o te kaha waku ki te pēhanga whakapā i pā ki te mea i te wā o te paheke. Kātahi ka tātarihia te awe o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tere paheke me te haumākū whanaunga ki te tauwehenga waku. Mā te tuhi i te pihi whanaungatanga i waenga i te tauwehenga waku me ngā tawhā pēnei i te tere paheke me te haumākū whanaunga, ka taea te tirotiro i te awe o ngā āhuatanga rerekē ki te tauwehenga waku. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tātari tatauranga pēnei i te tātari rerekētanga me te tātari whakatauira hei tukatuka atu i ngā raraunga hei whakatau i te nui me te hiranga o te awe o ngā āhuatanga rerekē ki te tauwehenga waku.

6. Te whānuitanga o te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū

6.1 Uara matapae ariā
I runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi silicone me ngā āhuatanga rerekē e pā ana ki te tauwehenga waku i raro i ngā āhuatanga mākū, ka taea te whakatau tata i te tauwehenga waku o te papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū. Mai i te tirohanga o te hanganga matū me te hanganga ngota, ka hoatu e te hanganga mata o te silicone he āhua ngāwari me te pumau, e pā ana ki tōna tauwehenga waku ki tētahi taumata. I te taha o te awe o te taratara o te mata, ina huri te taratara o te mata i roto i tētahi whānuitanga, ka huri te tauwehenga waku. Hei tauira, mō ngā rauemi silicone noa kāore i rongoatia motuhake, i roto i te āhua mākū, me te whakaaro ki te hanganga o te kiriata wai i runga i te mata e ngā ngota wai me ngā huringa o te hanganga moroiti o te mata, ko te tauwehenga waku matapae matapae kei waenganui i te 0.1 me te 0.3. Ka whakakotahihia e tēnei whānuitanga matapae ngā pānga whakakotahi o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te taratara o te mata rerekē, ngā āhuatanga rauemi whakapā, me te haumākū. Ina iti te haumākū whanaunga, ka tata te tauwehenga waku ki te rohe o runga; ina kei te awhe tino pai te haumākū whanaunga (60% – 80%), ka tata te tauwehenga waku ki te rohe o raro.
6.2 Ngā hua whakamātautau
Mā roto i ngā whakamātautau pūtaiao me ngā whakamātautau pakari, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā raraunga tauwehenga waku tuturu o ngā papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū, ā, mā reira ka manatokohia te tika o te uara matapae ariā me te whakamārama ake i tōna whānuitanga motuhake. I roto i te whakamātautau, e ai ki ngā paerewa e tika ana pērā i te ASTM D1894, i whakamahia he mita tauwehenga waku whakapae hei whakamātautau i ngā momo papa hope silicone rerekē. E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau i roto i te awhe haumākū tino pai o te 60% – 80% haumākū whanaunga, ko te tauwehenga waku toharite o ngā papa hope silicone noa kāore he maimoatanga mata motuhake he tata ki te 0.12 – 0.18. Mō ngā papa hope silicone me te maimoatanga mata motuhake, pērā i ngā papa hope me te paninga hydrophobic, te hanganga micro-texture rānei, he iti ake te tauwehenga waku, me te uara toharite o te 0.1 – 0.15. He tata ēnei raraunga whakamātautau ki ngā uara matapae ariā, e whakamārama ake ana i te awhe tauwehenga waku o ngā papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū, ā, e whakaatu ana ka taea e te maimoatanga mata motuhake te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku, kia rite ake ai ki ngā hiahia o ngā horopaki whakamahinga rerekē.

7. Te Whakamahinga me te Whakapai ake
7.1 Aronga Arotau Hua
I runga anō i te rangahau o mua mō te tauwehenga waku o ngā papa hope silicone i te āhua mākū, ka taea te tīmata i te arotautanga hua mai i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Te auahatanga hangarau maimoatanga mata: I tēnei wā, mā te whakamahi i te paninga hydrophobic, i te hanganga micro-texture rānei, ka taea te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku, engari kei te wātea tonu te wāhi hei whakapai ake. Hei tauira, mā te whanaketanga o ngā paninga nano-composite hou ka piri pai ake te paninga ki te mata silicone, ā, ka pai ake te hydrophobicity me te ātete ki te kakahu, ka whakaiti ake i te tauwehenga waku me te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga. Ka taea hoki te tūhura i ngā hoahoa hanganga micro uaua ake, pērā i ngā hanganga micro-nano bionic, e whakaata ana i ngā hanganga o ngā mata koiora iti-waku i te taiao, pērā i ngā hanganga micro-nano i runga i te mata o ngā rau rētihi, kia tutuki ai te hanganga kiriata wai pumau ake me te tauwehenga waku iti ake.
Te arotau i te tātai rauemi: I roto i te tātai taketake o te silicone, ka whakatikatikaina te hanganga ngota me ngā āhuatanga o te mata o te silicone mā te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa motuhake, i ngā whakarerekētanga rānei. Hei tauira, mā te tāpiri i te nui e tika ana o ngā matūriki nano-silica, ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te silicone, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te hinu o tōna mata. Hei tāpiri, ka rangahauhia te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū rauropi hou hei whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga matū o te mata silicone kia pai ake ai te taunekeneke me ngā ngota wai i te āhua mākū ki te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku.
Whakapai ake i te hoahoa hanganga hua: Haunga te whakaaro ki te ergonomics hei whakaiti i te pēhanga ā-rohe, ka taea hoki te hoahoa i ngā hanganga whakarerekē, pērā i te tāpiri i ngā wāhi whakakī pupuhi, whakarerekē rānei ki te papa hope, me te whakarerekē i te ngawari me te taunga o te papa hope kia rite ki te taumaha o te kaiwhakamahi me te whakamahinga, kia pai ake ai te whakahaere i te tauwehenga waku. Hei tauira, mō ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā āhua tinana rerekē, mā te whakarerekē i te nui o te whakakī, ka mau tonu te mata o te papa hope i te tohatoha pēhanga pa pai rawa atu ina pa ana ki te tinana tangata, ka whakaiti ake i te tauwehenga waku me te whakapai ake i te whakamarie.
7.2 Ngā whakaaro mō te haumaru me te whakamarie
I te whakapai ake i ngā papa hope silicone, ko te haumaru me te whakamarie ngā mea nui:
Haumaru: Me whakarite kia tutuki ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i ngā paerewa haumaru e tika ana, kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he kino, ā, kāore e puta he riri, he mate pāwera rānei ki te tinana tangata. I te wā e tukatukahia ana te mata, me pai te hototahitanga o te rauemi paninga e whakamahia ana kia kore ai e pāngia e ngā raruraru kiri e puta mai ana i ngā āhuatanga matū o te rauemi. I taua wā anō, me pai te pumau o te papa hope kua whakapaitia, ā, e kore e paheke, e kore hoki e kore e pumau i te wā e whakamahia ana nā ngā huringa o te tauwehenga waku, inā koa i roto i ngā āhuatanga he nui ngā whakaritenga haumaru pēnei i te whakaora hauora, kia mau ai te haumaru o te kaiwhakamahi.
Te Whakamarie: Haunga te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku, me aro atu hoki ki ngā kare ā-roto o te kaiwhakamahi. Hei tauira, mā te whakapai ake i te ngāwari me te ngawari o te rauemi,te papa hopeka taea tonu te pupuri i te whakamarie pai i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa. Hei tāpiri, i runga i te wheako o te kaiwhakamahi i roto i ngā taiao rerekē, pērā i te taiao e nui ana ngā huringa haumākū, me taea e te papa hope kua whakapaitia te whakarerekē aunoa i te tauwehenga waku o te mata, ā, me noho tonu i roto i te awhe whakamarie. I taua wā anō, ka pāngia hoki te whakamarie o te kaiwhakamahi e te hoahoa āhua o te hua. Me hoahoa te āhua me te rahi e rite ana ki te ataahua o te tinana tangata kia pai ake ai te manako o te kaiwhakamahi.