He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te silicone kai-kai me te silicone hoa-taiao?

1. Whakamāramatanga me te Paerewa
1.1 Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamārama me te Tiwhikete o te Silicone Kai-Pae
Silicone kai-mātaurangae pā ana ki ngā hua silicone e whakamahia ana mō te whakapā atu ki ngā kai, pērā i ngā pūwero pēpi, ngā kakau o ngā taputapu kihini, ngā mowhiti hiri, me ētahi atu. Ka pā tika, ka pā ā-kore rānei ēnei hua ki te kai, ā, he mea nui te haumaru me te akuaku o ā rātou rauemi. Me tutuki i te silicone kounga kai ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete o te ao kia kore ai e poke te kai i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, kia tiakina ai hoki te hauora o ngā kaihoko.
I Haina, ko te paerewa whakamātautau mō ngā hua silicone kai-kai e whakamahi ana i te GB 4806.11-2016 "Paerewa Haumaru Kai ā-Motu mō ngā Rauemi me ngā Hua Rapa Whakapā Kai". E whakamārama ana tēnei paerewa i ngā whakaritenga, ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ngā ture tirotiro me te tautuhi tapanga o ngā rauemi rapa me ngā hua mō te whakapā ki te kai. Kei roto i ngā inenga ko te whakamātautau ira, te ihirangi konganuku taumaha (e pā ana ki te mata), te kai pāhare pākawa, te hekenga katoa (4% waikawa acetic, 10% etanoru, 50% etanoru), me ētahi atu.
I te ao whānui, he tino pakari hoki ngā whakaritenga tiwhikete mō te silicone kai-kai. Hei tauira, kua whakatakotohia e te US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) ngā paerewa mō ngā rauemi pa ki te kai, ā, i roto i tēnā ko te Ture 21 CFR 177.2600 e whakamārama ana i te tauira me ngā tikanga whakamomona o ngā hua rapa silicone mō te pa ki te kai, ā, e hiahiatia ana kia whakatauhia te nui katoa o te rapa silicone ka taea te tango i roto i te wai whakapūkara me te n-hexane. E hiahiatia ana e te LFGB a te EU (Food, Tubacco Products, Cosmetics and Other Daily Necessities Management Law) kia paahitia e ngā hua rapa silicone ngā whakamātautau matū whānui, tae atu ki te hekenga katoa (wai deionized, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol), te whakamātautau uara peroxide, te ihirangi konganuku taumaha (e pā ana ki te cadmium me te mata), ngā matū waro katoa me ngā hauwaiwaro kakara polycyclic.
1.2 Te whakamāramatanga me ngā paerewa taiao o te silicone hoa taiao
He rauemi silicone te silicone hoa-taiao, ko te hauhā silicon tūturu te rauemi matua, ā, he āhuatanga kore-paitini, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, he pai hoki te hototahi ki te koiora. He tino iti te parahanga o te taiao i roto i tana tukanga whakaputa. He rauemi pai rawa atu mō te taiao, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu hauora, rererangi me te ope taua, ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā me ētahi atu mara.
Ko ngā paerewa taiao mō te silicone hoa-taiao e pā ana ki te tukanga whakaputa, te tukanga whakamahi me te whakakorenga para. I te wā whakaputa, he iti te whakapaunga pūngao o te silicone hoa-taiao, ā, he iti ake te para e puta mai ana, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te whanaketanga tauwhiro. I te wā e whakamahia ana, he pai te roa o te ora me te whakamahinga anō o ngā hua silicone hoa-taiao, e whakaiti ana i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hua kirihou whakakorekore, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakapaunga rauemi me te whakaputanga para. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te silicone hoa-taiao mā roto i ngā tikanga motuhake i muri i te maka atu, ka whakaitihia ake te pānga ki te taiao.
I te ao whānui, kei roto hoki i ngā paerewa taiao mō te silicone hoa-taiao ngā here mō ngā matū kino. Hei tauira, e kī ana te Ture RoHS a te EU (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) me herea ētahi matū kino ki ngā hua hiko. Mena ka whakamahia te silicone hoa-taiao ki ngā hua hiko, me tutuki i tēnei ture. Hei tāpiri, ka whakatakotohia hoki e te Ture REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances) he whakaritenga tino kaha mō ngā matū e whakamahia ana i roto i te silicone hoa-taiao.

2. Ngā rauemi mata me te tukanga whakaputa
2.1 Te parakore o ngā rauemi mata mō te silicone kai-kounga me te whakahaere tukanga whakaputa
He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te silicone kai-kai mō te parakore o ngā rauemi mata. Ko tōna wāhanga matua ko te hauhā silicon, ā, ko te silica teitei-parakore, ko te onepu quartz rānei te rauemi mata matua e whakamahia ana. Me tino whakahaere te nui o te paru i roto i ēnei rauemi mata i te wā e keri ana, e tukatuka ana hoki, kia mau ai te parakore me te haumaru o te hua whakamutunga. Hei tauira, he tino tino kaha te rohe o te nui o te konganuku taumaha i roto i te silicone kai-kai, ā, kaua te nui o te mata e neke ake i te 0.05 mg/kg, e kī ana me karo ngā rauemi mata i te poke o te konganuku taumaha i te wā e keri ana, e tukatuka ana hoki.
I te wā o te tukanga whakaputa, me tino whakahaere te taiao whakaputa o te silicone kai-kai, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakahaerehia i roto i tētahi awheawhe ma hei ārai i te puehu me ētahi atu poke mai i te poke. Me tino whakahaere hoki ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te wā i roto i te tukanga whakaputa kia tutuki ai te mahi a te silicone i ngā paerewa kai-kai. Hei tauira, ko te tukanga whakamomona o te silicone kai-kai e whakamahi ana i te konukawata whakamomona, e kore e taea anake te whakarato i te pānga whakamomona pai, engari ka whakarite hoki i te kore paitini me te kore kakara o te hua. Hei tāpiri, me tino tirotiro te kounga mō ia taahiraa o te tukanga whakaputa, tae atu ki te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata, te whakamātautau i ngā hua haurua-oti me te tirotiro whakamutunga o ngā hua kua oti, hei whakarite i te kounga me te haumaru o te hua.
2.2 Ngā pūtake rauemi mata mō te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao me ngā mahi tiaki taiao i roto i te tukanga whakaputa
He whānuitia ngā rauemi mata o te silicone e pai ana mō te taiao, ko te nuinga ko te silica tūturu me te siloxane hangai. Ko te silica tūturu i ahu mai i te konganuku quartz, i te oneone diatomaceous rānei, he nui ngā rahui me te pai o te mahi taiao. Ka hangaia ngā siloxane hangai mā te hanga matū, ā, kei te whakapai tonuhia te tukanga whakaputa hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa, kua whakamahia e ngā kaihanga silicone atawhai taiao he raupapa o ngā mahi tiaki taiao. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te pūngao ma, pērā i te hau māori, te hiko rānei, hei whakakapi i ngā wahie waro tuku iho hei whakaiti i te tukunga o te hauhā waro me ētahi atu poke. I taua wā anō, ka tukatukahia hoki te wai para me te hau para i puta i te tukanga whakaputa kia tino tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao. Ko te tikanga ka tukatukahia te wai para mā te whakatō, te tātari me te maimoatanga matū hei tango i ngā matū kino; ka tukatukahia te hau para mā te mimiti, te tahunga catalytic me ētahi atu hangarau hei whakaiti i te tukunga o ngā matū waro pūngāwerewere. Hei tāpiri, ka aro hoki ngā kaihanga silicone atawhai taiao ki te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā para, ā, ka hangarua anō i te para silicone i puta i te tukanga whakaputa me te whakamahi anō i roto i te whakaputanga, kia whakaitihia ai te para rauemi me te whakaputanga para.

3. Pānga ki te haumaru me te hauora
3.1 Ngā āhuatanga kore-paitini, kore-kino hoki o te silicone kai-kai
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone kai-kai i roto i ngā mara e pā ana ki ngā kai nā tōna haumaru pai rawa atu. Ko tōna wāhanga matua, ko te hauhā silicon, he āhuatanga matū pumau, ā, kāore e tauhohe ki ētahi atu matū engari ko te waikawa kawakore kaha me te waikawa hauwaiwai. I raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa, kāore te silicone kai-kai e tuku i ngā matū kino, kāore hoki e pā ki te tae, te kakara, me te reka o te kai. Hei tauira, ko ngā whāriki pēpi, hei hua e pā tika ana ki te waha o ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi, he mea hanga ki te silicone kai-kai. Ko ōna āhuatanga kore-paitini me te kore-kakara ka taea te tiaki i te hauora o ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi.
Ko te ātete pāmahana o te silicone kai-kai e whakarato ana i te taurangi mō tōna haumaru. Ko tōna awhe ātete pāmahana kei waenganui i te -40℃ me te 200℃. I te whakamahinga noa, ahakoa kei roto i te pouaka whakamātao, i te tio, i te tunu rānei i te pāmahana teitei, ka taea e ngā hua silicone kai-kai te noho pumau, ā, kāore e puta he matū kino nā ngā huringa pāmahana. Hei tāpiri, i muri i te whakamātautau kounga tino pakari, ka tutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu te nui o te konganuku taumaha, te kai pāhare pākawa, me te hekenga katoa o ngā hua silicone kai-kai, ā, ka whakarite anō i tō rātou haumaru i te wā e whakamahia ana.
3.2 Ngā pānga pea o te silicone e pai ana mō te taiao ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata
He rauemi matomato, he iti noa te pānga o te silicone hoa-taiao ki te taiao. Ko ngā mahi tiaki taiao i whakamahia i roto i tana tukanga whakaputa, pērā i te whakamahi i te pūngao ma, te tukatuka pakari i te wai para me te hau putanga, me te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā para, ka whakaiti i te parahanga ki te taiao. I te wā e whakamahia ana, he pai te roa o te ora me te whakamahinga anō o ngā hua silicone hoa-taiao, ka whakaiti i te whakaputanga o ngā para. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te silicone hoa-taiao mā roto i ngā tikanga motuhake i muri i te maka atu, ka whakaiti ake i te pānga ki te taiao.
Mō te hauora o te tangata, he tino haumaru hoki te silicone e pai ana mō te taiao. Ko tōna wāhanga matua, ko te silica tūturu, kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he kakara, ā, e kore e kino ki te tinana tangata i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa. Heoi, ka pāngia pea te silicone e ngā āhuatanga taiao i roto i ētahi whakamahinga motuhake. Hei tauira, ki te pāngia ngā hua silicone e ētahi matū i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka pāngia pea tō rātou mahi ki tētahi taumata. Engari i te nuinga o te wā, he iti noa te pānga o te silicone e pai ana mō te taiao ki te hauora o te tangata i raro i te whakamahinga noa me te whakahaere tika.

4. Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū
4.1 Te ātete pāmahana, te ātete koroheketanga me te kaha haehae o te silicone kai-kai
He tino pai te ātete pāmahana o te silicone kai-kai, ā, ka taea te noho pumau i roto i te awhe pāmahana mai i te -40℃ ki te 230℃. Mā tēnei awhe ātete pāmahana whānui ka taea te urutau ki ngā taiao pāmahana tino kino. Ahakoa he pouaka whakamātao, he tio, he tunu kai pāmahana teitei rānei, ka taea te whakamahi noa i ngā hua silicone kai-kai me te kore e puta he matū kino, he hekenga mahi rānei nā ngā huringa pāmahana.
He tino pai hoki tōna ātete ki te koroheketanga. I roto i te whakamahinga roa, ka taea e ngā hua silicone kai-kai te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pai. Nā te pumau o ngā āhuatanga matū o tōna wāhanga matua, te hauhā silicon, kāore e tauhohe matū ki ētahi atu matū engari ko te kawakore kaha me te waikawa hauwaiwai. Mā tēnei pumau ka taea e ngā hua silicone kai-kai te pupuri i tō rātou āhua taketake, te ngāwari me te kaha i muri i te pa atu ki ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te kai, te hau me te makuku, ā, kāore e ngāwari ki te koroheketanga, te pirau me ētahi atu raruraru.
Hei tāpiritanga, he nui te ātete haehae o te silicone kai-kai. I te whakamahinga noa, kāore ngā hua silicone kai-kai e pakaru noa ahakoa kua totorohia, kua haehaetia ki tētahi taumata. Hei tauira, i te wā e hanga ana i ngā pokepoke tunu kai, ka taea e te silicone kai-kai te tu atu i te whānui me te whakaputanga o te paraoa pokepoke, te pupuri i te āhua me te pono o te pokepoke, ā, nā reira ka whakarite i te kounga me te āhua o te kai kua tunua. Ko tēnei ātete haehae teitei ehara i te mea ka roa ake te ora o ngā hua silicone kai-kai, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i tō rātou pono me te haumaru i roto i ngā mahi.
4.2 Te pakari, te pirau me te pumau matū o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao
He pai te pakari o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, ka taea e ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū te noho pumau mō te wā roa i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa. Ko te take matua o tēnei pakari ko te pumau o ngā āhuatanga matū o tōna wāhanga matua, te silica tūturu, me te whakahaere pakari o ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukanga i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa. Kāore ngā hua silicone e pai ana ki te taiao e ngawari ki te koroheke, ki te whakarerekē, ki te memeha me ētahi atu raruraru i te wā whakamahinga roa, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā momo whakamahinga.
Ahakoa ehara i te mea ngāwari te pirau mā te taiao i te silicone, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō mā roto i ngā tikanga motuhake. Hei tauira, ka taea te huri i ngā para hua silicone pai mō te taiao hei rauemi mata silicon hou mā te pirau i te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka hangaia anō hei hua silicone. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia te nui o ngā para e tēnei āheinga hangarua, engari ka penapena hoki i ngā rauemi rauemi mata, he mea e hangai ana ki te ariā o te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Hei tāpiri, me te haere tonu o te whanaketanga hangarau, kei te whakawhanakehia ētahi rauemi silicone hou e pai ana mō te taiao, ā, e tumanakohia ana ka whakapai ake i ō rātou āhuatanga pirau.
Mō te pumau o ngā matū, he pai te mahi a te silicone hoa-taiao. Ko tōna wāhanga matua, ko te silica tūturu, kāore he paitini, kāore hoki he kakara, ā, kāore e tauhohe matū ki ētahi atu matū i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa. Mā tēnei pumau matū ka taea e ngā hua silicone hoa-taiao te pupuri i tō rātou mahi me te haumaru ina pāngia e ngā matū rerekē. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā mara o ngā taputapu hauora, te rererangi me te ope taua, me pā ngā hua silicone hoa-taiao ki ngā taiao matū uaua, ā, mā tō rātou pumau matū pai ka taea te whakarite i te haumaru me te pono o ēnei hua i te wā e whakamahia ana.

5. Ngā āpure tono
5.1 Te whakamahinga o te silicone kai-kounga i roto i te kai, te hauora me ētahi atu mara
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone kai-kounga i roto i ngā mara kai me te hauora nā tōna haumaru me te mahi pai.
Mara kai
Ngā taputapu kīhini me ngā taputapu tēpu: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone kai-kai hei hanga i ngā momo taputapu kīhini me ngā taputapu tēpu, pērā i ngā spatula silicone, ngā pūnu, ngā rawhi me ētahi atu taputapu tunu kai, he pai te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki te rakuraku. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā spatula silicone i roto i ngā tukanga tunu kai pāmahana teitei me te kore e tukuna he matū kino, he kohua rakuraku rānei. Hei tāpiri, he pai ki ngā kaiwhaiwhai tunu kai ngā taputapu tunu kai pērā i ngā pokepoke keke silicone me ngā pokepoke pihikete nā te mea he kore e piri, he ngāwari hoki te tango.
Tākai kai: Ka whakamahia ngā rīpene hiri silicone kounga kai ki roto i ngā tākai kai hei ārai i te pirau me te poke o te kai. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi anō i te kiriata piri silicone, he pai ki te taiao, ā, he kino ki te kai, ā, he pai hei whakakapi mō te kiriata piri tuku iho.
Ngā taputapu tukatuka kai: I roto i te tukanga tukatuka kai, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mowhiti hiri, ngā whitiki kawe me ētahi atu wāhanga i hangaia ki te silicone kounga kai. Ka taea e ēnei wāhanga te tu atu i te pāmahana teitei, te pēhanga teitei me te horoi matū i te wā tukatuka kai hei whakarite i te haumaru me te akuaku o te tukanga tukatuka kai.
Marae hauora
Ngā hua mō ngā pēpi: He haumaru, he kore paitini hoki ngā ū me ngā pounamu i hangaia ki te silicone kai-kai, ā, kāore he pānga ki te hauora o ngā pēpi. Hei tauira, ka taea e te ngawari me te ngāwari o ngā ū silicone te whakatauira i te ahua ngote o te waiū ū, kia māmā ake ai te whakaae a ngā pēpi.
Ngā taputapu hauora: Nā te hototahitanga koiora o te silicone kai-kai ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā momo taputapu hauora, pērā i ngā catheter me ngā ngongo waikeri. Kāore ēnei taputapu hauora e whakapataritari, e mate pāwera rānei ki ngā kiko tangata i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, ka whakarite i te haumaru o te tukanga hauora.
5.2 Te whakamahinga o te silicone e pai ana mō te taiao i roto i te ahumahi, te hanga me ētahi atu mara
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā hanganga nā te mea he pai ōna āhuatanga tiaki taiao, he roa te mau, ā, he pai hoki ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki.
Mara ahumahi
Ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu hiko: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao i roto i te hanga hua hiko, pērā i ngā pātene silicone, ngā taupoki tiaki silicone, me ētahi atu. Ehara i te mea he pai te pa me te roa o te mahi a ēnei hua silicone, engari he pai hoki te whakamarumaru me te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kete waea pūkoro silicone te tiaki i ngā waea pūkoro mai i ngā karawarawa me ngā pānga, ā, he pai hoki te mahi marara wera.
Te hanga miihini: Ka whakamahia te silicone hoa-taiao hei hanga i ngā wāhanga me ngā hiri miihini, pērā i ngā hiri silicone momo-O, ngā whāriki ārai-paheke, me ētahi atu. He pai te ātete o ēnei wāhanga ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete hinu me te ātete kakahu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pono me te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu miihini.
Rererangi me te ope taua: He mea nui anō hoki ngā whakamahinga o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao i roto i ngā mara rererangi me te ope taua, pērā i ngā kopare ārai wai, ngā pane whakarongo whakakore haruru, ngā papa parai, me ētahi atu. Ehara i te mea me whai āhuatanga ā-tinana pai ēnei hua, engari me tutuki hoki ngā paerewa taiao pakari hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao.
Mara hangahanga
Ngā rauemi hiri: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā rīpene hiri silicone e pai ana mō te taiao i roto i ngā tatau o te whare, ngā matapihi, ngā pakitara ārai me ētahi atu wāhanga, e ārai pai ana i te urunga o te wai me te hau, e whakapai ake ana hoki i te mahi whakamahana o ngā whare. Hei tauira, kāore e ngāwari te tawhito, te whakapē rānei i ngā rīpene hiri silicone i te whakamahinga roa, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te pānga hiri pai.
Ngā rauemi whakapaipai: Ka taea te whakamahi i te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao hei hanga i ngā momo rauemi whakapaipai whare, pērā i ngā pokepoke silicone hei hanga i ngā wāhanga whakapaipai. He pai te ātete ki te huarere me te pakari o ēnei wāhanga whakapaipai, ā, ka taea te pupuri i tō rātou ataahua mō te wā roa.

6. Te utu me te utu
6.1 Ngā āhuatanga utu nui o te silicone kai-kai
He nui te utu o te silicone kai-kounga nā te mea he tino pakari ngā paerewa haumaru me ngā whakaritenga kounga teitei. Ko tōna utu nui e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Te utu mō ngā rauemi mata: He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te parakore o ngā rauemi mata mō te silicone kai-kounga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te silica parakore teitei, te onepu quartz rānei hei rauemi mata matua. He nui te utu hoko mō ēnei rauemi mata parakore teitei, ā, me tino aro turuki te nui o te paru i te wā e tukatukahia ana, ka piki ake ai te utu tukatuka o ngā rauemi mata.
Te utu whakahaere tukanga whakaputa: Me whakahaere te tukanga whakaputa o te silicone kounga kai i roto i tētahi awheawhe ma hei ārai i te poke o te puehu me ētahi atu poke. Hei tāpiri, me tino whakahaere ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana, te pēhanga me te wā i roto i te tukanga whakaputa kia tutuki ai te mahi a te hua i ngā paerewa kounga kai. Hei tauira, ehara i te mea he utu nui te tukanga whakamomona mā te whakamahi i te whakamomona konukawata, engari me tino whakamātautau kounga hoki. Mā ēnei tikanga whakahaere whakaputa tino kaha ka piki ake te utu o te tukanga whakaputa.
Te utu whakamātautau kounga: Me whai whakamātautau kounga tino pakari ngā hua silicone kai-kai, tae atu ki te tirotiro i ngā rauemi mata, te whakamātautau i ngā hua haurua-oti me te whakamātautau whakamutunga o ngā hua kua oti. Kei roto i ēnei tūemi whakamātautau ko te whakamātautau i ngā kare ā-roto, te ihirangi konganuku taumaha, te kai pāhare pākawa, te hekenga katoa, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā tikanga whakamātautau tino pakari me te haumi taputapu ka piki ake te utu whakamātautau kounga o ngā hua.
Te utu tiwhikete: Me whai tiwhikete tino pakari ngā hua silicone kai-kai, pērā i te tiwhikete US FDA me te tiwhikete EU LFGB. Ehara i te mea ko te nui o te wā me te kaha e hiahiatia ana e ēnei tiwhikete, engari me utu hoki i ngā utu tiwhikete teitei. Hei tauira, ko te tiwhikete FDA e hiahiatia ana e ngā kamupene kia whakahaere i tētahi raupapa o ngā whakamātautau me ngā aromatawai uaua hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru kai i ngā hua.
6.2 Ngā painga utu me ngā rerekētanga utu o te silicone hoa taiao
He pai ētahi painga o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, he iti noa iho tōna utu, e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:
Te utu o ngā rauemi mata: He whānuitia ngā rauemi mata o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, ko te nuinga ko te silica tūturu me te siloxane hangai. Ko te silica tūturu i ahu mai i te konganuku quartz, i te oneone diatomaceous rānei, he nui ngā rahui me ngā utu hoko iti. Hei tāpiri, kei te whakapai tonu te tukanga whakaputa o te siloxane hangai, ā, kei te whakaiti ake i te utu whakaputa o ngā rauemi mata.
Te utu mō te tukanga whakaputa: Ahakoa kua whakatinanahia he raupapa o ngā mahi tiaki taiao i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te silicone hoa-taiao, he tino ngoikore ngā whakaritenga mō te taiao me te tukanga whakaputa ki te whakataurite ki te silicone kai-kounga. Hei tauira, ko ngā mahi tukatuka pūngao ma me te wai para me te hau para e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te silicone hoa-taiao ka piki ake te utu whakaputa, engari he iti tonu te utu whānui i te mana whakahaere whakaputa pakari o te silicone kai-kounga.
Te tūnga mākete me ngā rerekētanga utu: Ko te silicone kounga kai te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i te kai, te hauora me ētahi atu mara e tino hiahiatia ana te haumaru. Nā te nui o te utu me te kounga teitei, he tino teitei te utu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone hoa-taiao i roto i ngā ahumahi, te hanga me ētahi atu mara e tino hiahiatia ana te mahi taiao. Nā te rerekētanga o te tūnga mākete, he iti te utu o te silicone hoa-taiao, engari nā ōna āhuatanga taiao me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pai, he pai ake te utu i roto i te mākete.
I te nuinga o te wā, he rerekētanga nui i waenga i te silicone kai-kai me te silicone hoa-taiao i runga i te utu me te utu. He nui ake te utu me te utu o te silicone kai-kai nā ōna paerewa haumaru pakari me ngā whakaritenga kounga teitei; i te mea he pai te utu o te silicone hoa-taiao i roto i ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukanga whakaputa, ā, he iti te utu, engari he pai te mahi taiao me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, ā, he nui ake te whai huatanga o te utu.

Whakarāpopototanga
Ahakoa he rauemi silicone te silicone kai-kai me te silicone hoa-taiao, he rerekētanga nui kei roto i ngā āhuatanga maha.
Mai i te whakamāramatanga me ngā paerewa, ko te silicone kounga kai te mea e whakamahia ana i ngā mara e pā ana ki te kai, ā, me tutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā tiwhikete o te ao, pērā i a Haina GB 4806.11-2016, US FDA 21 CFR 177.2600, EU LFGB, me ētahi atu. He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te parakore o ngā rauemi mata, te whakahaere tukanga whakaputa me te haumaru o ngā hua whakamutunga. Ko te silicone hoa-taiao e aro ana ki te hoahoa taiao o te whakaputa, te whakamahi me te tukatuka para, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa taiao pērā i te EU RoHS Directive me ngā ture REACH.
Mō ngā rauemi mata me ngā tukanga whakaputa, ka whakamahia e te silicone kounga kai te silica parakore teitei, te onepu quartz rānei, ka hangaia i roto i tētahi awheawhe ma, ka whakamahia te platinum vulcanizer, ā, ka tino whakamatautauria te kounga puta noa i te tukanga. He whānui te wātea o ngā rauemi mata silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, ka whakamahia te pūngao ma i roto i te whakaputanga, ka tino tukatukahia te wai para me te hau putanga, ā, ka aro nui ki te hangarua para.
Mō te haumaru me te pānga ki te hauora, kāore he paitini, he kino hoki te silicone kounga kai, he whānui te ātete ki te pāmahana, ā, ko ngā tohu pēnei i te nui o te konganuku taumaha e tino tutuki ana i ngā paerewa hei whakarite i te haumaru o te pa ki ngā kai. He iti noa te parahanga o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā para. He iti noa te pānga o te whakamahinga noa ki te hauora o te tangata.
Mō ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū, he tino pai te ātete pāmahana, te ātete koroheketanga me te ātete haehae o te silicone kai-kai, ā, he pai mō ngā pāmahana tino kino me te whakamahinga roa. He pai te pakari o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō, he tino pumau te matū, ā, ka taea te aro atu ki ngā taiao matū uaua.
Mō ngā wāhi tono, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone kai-kai i roto i ngā mara kai me te hauora, pērā i ngā taputapu kīhini, ngā takai kai, ngā hua pēpi, ngā taputapu hauora, me ētahi atu. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te silicone hoa-taiao i roto i ngā mara ahumahi me te hanga, pērā i ngā taputapu hiko, te hanga mīhini, te rererangi me te ope taua, te hiri me te whakapaipai whare, me ētahi atu.
Mō te utu me te utu, he nui te utu o te silicone kai-kounga nā te mea he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te parakore o ngā rauemi mata, te mana whakahaere whakaputa tino kaha, me te tirotiro kounga teitei me ngā utu tiwhikete. He iti ngā utu rauemi mata o te silicone e pai ana ki te taiao, he ngāwari te tukanga whakaputa, ā, he iti ake te utu.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, he āhuatanga motuhake tō te silicone kai-mātauranga me te silicone hoa-taiao, ā, he pai mō ngā momo mara rerekē. Ko te haumaru te mea nui mō te silicone kai-mātauranga, ā, he pai mō ngā wāhi e tino hiahiatia ana te hauora pērā i te kai me te maimoatanga hauora; he tino pai te mahi a te silicone hoa-taiao ki te taiao, ā, he pai mō ngā mara pērā i te ahumahi me te hanga whare e aro nui ana ki ngā pānga ki te taiao.